Harmonic organ



July 30, 1929. M JR 1,722,977

HARMONIC ORGAN Original Filed July 19, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 v HISATTORNEY y 30, 1 J. H. HAMMOND, JR ,9

HARMONIC ORGAN Original Filed July 19, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVE TOR,4? fat HIS ATTORNEY .1. H. HAMMOND, JR 1,722,977

July 30, 1929.

HARMONIC ORGAN Original Filed July 19, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet .3

INVENTOR HIS ATTORNEY July 310, 1929- J. H. HAMMOND, JR

HARMON I C ORGAN Original Filed July 19, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORr l 1 lm HIS ATTORNEY ments and more Patented July"30, 1929.

ICE.

.rorm luvs nnmoma, .13., or enoucnsrnn, nassaonusms.

'muomc 03cm.

Application filed July 19, 1924, Serial This invention relates tomusical instruparticularly to organs arranged to emit the u per partialsor harmonics of the notes music.

I have found that by controlling the intensity of the harmonics of anote or notes the music takes on the quality of life and is rendered farmore agreeable to the ear. It is the main object of the presentinvention to provide an organ of improved construction, in which theharmonics of the several notes of the music may be controlled.

According to this object I rovide means for varying the intensity 0?each fundamental note and separate means for varying the intensity ofone or more harmonics of the note.

Other objects will appear from the follow- 7 ing description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which .Figure 1 is adiagrammatic view of so of Fig.

much of an or an chamber as is necessary to an understanding of theinvention;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of a tablet and pedal control of theorgan chamber of Figure 1; and

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of an automatic control of the organchamber of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows relay of Figure 3;

Figure'5 shows a side view of the swell motor removed.

Fi re 6 is a sectiontaken on the line 6-6 and. Figure 7 shows details ofa details of the pneumatic portion of the mechimism of Figure2.

organ chamber 12 and Referring to the drawings and more particularly tothe formof the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2 there is shown anorgan chamber 10 in which there is disposed a primary organ 11 and aplurality of secondary organ chambers such as 12, 13, 14 and 15 eachcontaining a secondary organ of which only a secondary organ 17 withinthe a secondary organ 18 within the organ chamber 13 are shown, it beingunderstood that each of the organ chambers includes a similar secondaryorgan.

N0. 726,908. Renewed June 5, 1928.

are tuned. to the harmonics of the corresponding pipes of the primaryorgan 11 and are controlled by means of a convenient key board or manual19. Thus when a single key or the key board 19 is depressed a pipe inthe primary organ and each of the secondary organs is sounded, and thusthere is emitted from the primary organ a fundamental note correspondingin pitch to the desired pitch as determined by the key depressed. Eachof the primary organs may be of any conventional type of pipe organ butare preferably of the type which produces true fundamental tones, thatis, with few overtones or harmonics, such for example as the tibiafamily of i es. varying the intensity of sound 0 t e fundamental notesof music the organ chamber 10 is provided with a plurality of shutterswhich are pivotally mounted in a wall of the chamber 10 so that they maybe rotated about their longitudinal axes. Each shutter is provided witha connecting rod 26 which is pivotally connected to an actuating arm 27,

For i one end of which is connected to a swell shutter motor 28 ofconventional design and positioned within a casing 29. Theconnectionso'f the swell shutter motor are brought out to terminals 30,31, 32, 33 and 34 in well own manner.

For varying the intensity of the sound emitted from each of thesecondary organs there is provided a corresponding plurality of swellshutters 51, 52, 53 and 54 similar in swell shutters 25 and one of thesecondary organs. For operating the awell shutters there is provided acorresponding plurality of swell shuttermotors 55, 56, 57 and 58 ofconventional design.

For controllin the swell shutter motors there is provided a pedalmechanism comprising a pedal 60 conventionally ositioned so as to bereadily actuated by thb foot of the operator. The pedal 60 is pivotallymounted to be rotatable in a vertical plane and by means of a connectinglink 61 is operatively connected with a slidable member 62 supported ina stationary frame member 63 forming part of the frame of the console.The sliding member 62 is formed of material which is a non-conductor ofelectricity and secured thereto is a stri of electrically conductingmaterial 64 having construction to the each associated with spacedcontact portions 65, 66, 67,68, 69, etc. corresponding in number to thetotal number of organs normally controlled from the single key board19.A lead-in contact strip 70 supported upon an insulated arm 71 makeselectrical contact with the conducting strip 64 in all positions of thepedal 60, and is connected to a source of energy suc as a storagebattery. 72 for operating the swell shutter motors.

For interconnecting the contact segments 65 of the pedal 60 with theswell shuttermotor terminals 30, 31 of the swell shutter motor 28, thereis provided aplurality of contacts arranged in the path of theconducting segment 65 and connected by way of conductors 80, 81, 82 and83 respectively, to the swell shutter motor terminals. The

arrangement is such that upon a predetermined degree of movement of thepedal 60 the segments 65 makes electrical contact with its respectivecontacts successively and thus the operation of the swell shutter motor28 and the actuation of the swell shutter may be controlled in the usualstep by step manner. A conductor 84 provides a return path from theswell shutter motor 28 to the pole of the battery 72 opposite to that towhich the brush is connected. Similarly, a row of contacts is providedwith which the segment 66 makes contact upon a predetermined degree ofmovement pedal 60 and each of the said contacts is connected toconductors 85, 86, and 87 the purpose of which will be subsequently setforth. The contacting segment 67 is arranged to contact u onpredetermined movement of the peda 60 with contacts connected to theshutters 88, 89, and 90; the contact segment 68 with contacts connectedto conductors 91, 92, 93; and the contact segment 69 with, the contactsconnected to the conductors 94, 95, 96 respectively. The. several groupsof contacts are disposed with relation to the associated contact segmentso that a difierent degree of movement is required on the part of thepedal 60 to engage the several contacts, and

I thus difierent eilects may be produced when comprising a plurality theorgan is played. I

For selecting the efiect which is to be produced there is provided atablet rail of tablets, such as tablets 100, 101,102, 103, pivotallymounted upon a fixed supporting rod 104;. Each of.

these tablets comprises a strip of ivory or celluloid mounted upon ametallic reinltorcin back forming a contact member electrica lyconnected to the rod 104:. When the upper ends of these tablets aredepressed,v

the metal portions forming the contact members engage respectivelystationary contacts 105, 106, 1%, 108. The contact 105 of the tablet 100is electrically connected by means of a conductor 110 to one tee of thenraaerr ductor 116 to one terminal of the winding h of the relay 117.The relays 111, 113, 115,

and 117 are alike in construction and a de-' scription of one willsulhce for all.

Each of said relays may consist of a ro-- tatable member 120 supportedin fixed brackets 121, 122. The shaft of the rotatable member 120 isprovided with an armature 123 which is arranged to be controlled by theenergization of the winding of the relay hereinbefoie-referred to, thearmature being held in normal position as shown by means of a retractilespring 125. It is understood, however, that any suitable form of relaymay be employed. The other terminals of the windings of the relays 111,113, 115 and 117 may be connected together by means of a commonconductor 126 to one pole of asource of ener such as a battery 72. Theother is connected to the rod pole of t e battery 72 p 10 1 forming: acommon terminal ofthe tablets 100, 101, 102 and 103. Each of saidtablets is arranged so as to be maintained in either of two positions,that shown being the normal position in which contact is not made andthe fully depressed position being one in which contact is made.

The relays 111, 113 are provided with contacts connected to a series ofconductors 130, .131, 132. In the relay 113 electrical contact is madeto these conductors 130, 131, 132 respectively by three moving contactmembers of the relay when the relay is energized. The moving members areconnected to the conductors 87 86, 85 respectively, thus when the relay113 is energized the circuit is extended from contact segment 66 throughto swell shutter motor 55 of the swell shutter 51. In the relay 111electrical contact is made to these conductors 130, 131, 132respectively by three moving contact members of the relay when'the relayis energized, and the moving members are connected to conductors 90, 89,88, respectively. Thus when the relay 111 is energized the circuit isextended from the contact segment 67 through to the swell shutter motor55 of the swell shutter 51.

Similarly, the relays 115, 117 are provided with contacts connected to aseries of conductors 133, 134, 135. Tn the relay 117 electrical contactis made to these conductors 133, 134, 135 respectively, by three movingcontact members of the relay when the relay is energized. The movingmembers are connected to conductors 96 95,94 respectively. Thus when therelay 117 is energized, a circuit is extended from the contact segment69 through to the swell shuttermotor 56 of the l swell shutter 52. Tnthe relay 115 electrical mounted a bellows 211 -68 to the swell shuttermotor 56 of the swell shutter 52.

The swell shutter motor shown in Figures 5 and6 consists of a box 210 inwhich is consisting of four sections each mounted 214 and 215, the lastnamed being secured to the top of the box 210. The box 210 is connectedto any suitablesource of air pressure the mounted valves 235 is mountedon the top of box by means of a pipe 216. Secured to the base 213 is asecond small bellows 219 composed of two sections, and secured to thebase 214 is a third small bellows 220 composed of one section. The largebellows 211 is secured to one end of a rod 223, the other end of whichis connected to the swell shutters of the organ. The interior of bellows218 is connected by a passage way 225 out in the base 212 to theinterior'of the section mounted on base 212. The bellows 218 is soconstructed that air can easily pass through from one end to the otherby means of openings 226 and 227 provided in the bases 213 and 214. Thebase 215 is provided with 'anopening 228 which extends through the box210 and into a chamber 229 provided in the side of the primary mechanismbox 230 which It is evident, therefore, that the chamber 229 is alwaysin communication with the bellows mounted on the base 212. In a similarmanner the interiors of the bellows which are mounted on the bases 213,214, and 215 respectively, are constantly in communication with chambers231, 232 and 233 respectively, which are indicated by dotted lines inFig. 5. Each of thesechambers is provided with two holes 234 and 334. Inthe chambers 229, 231, 232 and 233 are carried on rods 236, which areheld in alignment at one end by means of brackets 237 and are connectedat their other ends to diaphragms 238 which are secured to the wall of alongitudinal chamber 238 provided in the primary mechanism box 230. Backof each diaphragm 238 is a chamber 240 which is connected by a passageway 242 to the interior of a chest 243. A bleeder hole 242 is providedwhich connects chamber 239 with the passage 242. Chamber 239 isconnected to the interior of the box 210 by a passage 334, shown in Fig.6. For controlling the chest 243 there is provided a casing 244 whichcarries an elect-ro magnet 245 provided with a winding 246, the two endsof which are connected to wires 247 and 248. In the inside of the casing244 is an armature 250 held in place over on a base 212, 213,

the electro magnet 245 by means of pins 251. When the magnet isenergized the armature 250 closes a hole 252 provided in the casing 244.

The wire 247 of the chest magnet controlling the chamber 229 isconnectedto a wire 256. The wire 247 of the trolling the chamber 231 is connectedto a wire 257. The wire 247 of the chest controlling the chamber 232 isconnected to a wire 258 and the wire 247 of the chest magnet controllingthe chamber 233-is1connected to a wire 259. The wires 248 of the fourchest magnets are connected to a common wire 260.

In the operation of the swell motor shown in Figs. 5 and 6 when the wire256 is enerchest magnet congized an electric current passes through thewinding of the chest magnet 245 causing the armature 250 to be pulledaway from the opening 252. This allows air to escape from the chamber240'and the pressure of the air in the chamber 239 forces the diaphragm238 to the left, thus pulling the valve 235 to the left and closing thehole 334, and bpening the hole 234, thus connecting the interior of thebellows mounted on the base 212 to the atmosphere. The pressure of theair in the box 210 will therefore cause this bellows to be collapsed,thus pulling the rod 223 up an amount corresponding to the amount thebellows is collapsed. When the wire 257 s energized a similar actiontakes place in the bellows on the base 213, which is likewise collapsed,thus moving the rod 223 up an additional amount. A similar proceduretakes place as each wire 258 and 259 is enerhandside of the diaphragm238 causes thevalve 235 to be moved to the right; thus closing the hole234 and'openingthe hole 334, thus allowing air to enter each section ofthe bellows which will then be expanded A the rods 223 until the to itsfull amount as due to the pull on bellows is expanded shown in 6.

In the operation of this form of the in vention when it is desired toproduce a certain tonal effect the tablets 100, 102 for example, may bedepressed at their upper ends to close the circuit of the windings ofthe relays 111, 115. A portion of the relay 111 connects the conductors88, 89, 90 to conductors 132, 131, respectively. A portion of the relay115 connects the conductors 91, 92, 93 to conductors 135, 134,133respectively. It will now be seen that when the organ is played and theedal is operated the segment 65 of the pe al is effective forcontrolling the swell shutter motor 28 and thus controlling theintensity of sound emitted from the primary organ 11; and also that thesegment 67 is eflective for controlling the swell shutter motor forvarying the intensity of sound emitted from the secondary organ 12; andthat the segment 68 is efiectivefor controlling the swell shutter motor56 for varying the intensity of the sound emitted from the secondaryorgan 13. In its normal operation the pedal 60 is very carefullyadjusted by the foot of the bperator and itwill be seen that theintensity of sound emitted by the secondary organs, and thus theintensity of the harmonic notes, is controlled in a certainpredetermined manner. Furthermore, by suitably selecting a tablet onlydesired harmonics will be emphasized and variations in intensity ofthese selected harmonics can be made independently. Restoration of thepedal to normal will of course restore the swell shutters and decreasethe volume of sound, and the operation may be repeated as many times asmay be desired. The relation between the opening of the various shuttersis determined by the relative location of the contact segments 67, 68,etc. with respect to their associated grou of contacts.

Wlien it is desired to produce a diilerent harmonic efiect the tablets100, 102, may be returned to their initial positions and anothercombination of tablets, such as 101,-

103 may be depressed. In this instance the relays 113, 117 will beoperated, the relay 113 connecting the conductors 85, 86, 87 toconductors 132, 131, 130, respectively, and the relay 117 connecting theconductors 94, 95, 96 to conductors 135,134, 133 respectively. Thus acircuitis extended from the contact segment 66 to swell shutter motor 55of the swell shutter 51, and from the contact segment 69 to the swellshutter motor 56 of the, swell shutter 52. The contact segments 66 and69 are positioned in diilerent relation to the respective groups ofcontacts and thus diflerent efiects dependent upon such relationshipsare produced. In the modified form shown collectively in Figs. 1 and 3automatic means is provide for controlling the notes to be played. Thiscomprises a music roll mechanism 140, a swell shutter control mechanism141, and a set of pneumatic relays 112 which are op erated by themechanism 141 and which in turn control the swell shuttcrs'of the organ.The music roll mechanism consists of a trackerbar 145 mounted in thecasing 146,-

two rolls 117 and 118, and a strip of erforated paper 119, which isunwound cm the roll 14:7 and wound u on the roll 1 18 and passes overthe tracker ar 145. Any slutable standard mechanism may be, used formean??? more fully described herein. The perforaproducing this motionwhich need not be 7 tions in this paper when theycome opposite the holesinthe tracker bar cause the notes to be sounded on the organ, by anywell The swell shutter control mechanism 141' comprises two rolls 151and 152, the tracker bar 153. Wound upon the two rolls 151 and 152 andassin over the tracker bar 153 is another s eet 0% perforated paper154:. This paper is caused to move from one-roll to the other by anysuitable means, so arranged that the two sheets of paper 1 19 and 151will move in snychronism.

The paper strip 149m provided with a plurality of holes which when theypass in front of the tracker bar 145 cause corresponding notes in theorgans 11, 17 and 18 to be sounded as previously described. The paperstrip 151 is provided with suitable longitudinal slits of varyinglengths which co-operate with holes 160 provided in the tracker bar 153.The holes 160 are connectcd by a plurality of pipes 161 to the 164 to asuitable source of suction not shown 7 for operating the bellows 162.Each bellows is provided with an arm 165'which when the bellows iscollapsed presses a contact 166 against a strip of conducting material167. The contacts 166 are connected to the conductors which operate theswell shutter motors shown in Fig. 1, and the strip 167 is connected bya conductor 168 to one side of a battery 169, the other side of which isconnected by the common return conductor 129 from the swell'motors aspreviously described.

1n the operation of the modified form of the invention shown in Figs. 1and 3, the paper strip 149 when it passes over the tracker bar 1 15plays the music on the organ d openings to pass in front of the holes160 in the tracker bar, thus allowing air to enter the correspondingprimaries and operate the required bellows 162, thus causrngthecorresponding contact 166 to engage the strip 167, thus closing thecircuit to the swell motor shown in Fig. 1. By the proper cutting ot theholes in the paper strip 154 any number of circuits may be chosen to anyone or the swell motors, thus opening the shutters operated by thesemotors a predetermined amount. In this way any desired combination ofshutter opening may be obtained and this can bevaried at will by ineffect by the proper selection of holes in the paper 154 so as toproduce the desired musical effect by the combination of the notes ofthe harmonic organs 17 and 18 with the corresponding notes of theprimary organ 11.

It may be found desirable to run the paper strip 154 at a much higherspeed thanthe strip 149 so as to produce the rapid changes the operationof the swell shutters that would be necessary to give the desired tonaleffects. The ratio of speeds between the paper strips 149 and 154 mustbe kept constant so that the proper tonal effects occur at the time thatthe corresponding notes in the paper strip 149 register with the holesin the tracker bar 140.

It will be readily understood that in either of the embodiments shownonly one of the harmonic organs may be selectively actuated whendesired. Another embodiment comprises Figs. 1 and 2 when a single organmay be employed by depressing only a single tablet and in the embodimentshown in Figs. 1 and 3 a single organ may be employed by properlycuttlng the paper strip'154. Thus it will be seen that the intensity ofsound emitted from a harmonic organ will be varied as may be desired.

The inventive thought which this application is based upon is broaderthan the specific embodiment herein described. The

scope of the invention is therefore not to be limited thereby, referencebeing had to the appended claims for that purpose.

What I claim is 1. The combination of a primary organ, a plurality areadapted to monies of a note of the spectively, a key board orsimultaneously actuating said organs, with means for controlling theintensity'of sound emitted from rimary organ reone of the secondaryorgans" and a selective device for predetermining organ to becontrolled.

2. K 'musical instrument comprising an operating mechanism, windsounding means controlled thereby for producing a plurality by octavesand means for causing the loudnes of certain of said sounds produced tovary from a predetermined degree without changing the loudness of theremaining sounds.

3. A musical instrument com operating mechanism, and win sounding meansfor. causing the timber to ya by variations in the upper partials o thethe secondary rising an sounds produced.

4. In a musical instrument, wind sounding means for producing aplurality of sub stantially simpleharmonic motions in the air comprisinga fundamental 'and'a lurality o harmonics, means for controlling saidharmonic motions so as to produce a composite note, means for varying atwill a secondary organ within each of of secondary organs each of whichplay notes which are harpartials of said composite tones relative to theother partials, and means for varying the intensity of the entirecomposite tones.

6.A wind musical instrument comprising a key, wind sounding meanscontrolled by said key for producing eluding a fundamental and aplurality of harmonics, means for varying independently of said key theintensity of any of the partials of said composite note relative to theother partials, and means for varying the intensity of said compositenote as'a whole.

7. A wind musical instrument comprising an organ chamber, a primary or'an within said organ chamber, a plurality of secondary organ chamberswithin said organ chamber,

said secondary organ chambers the pipes of each of said secondary organsbeing tuned to the harmonics of the pipes of the primary organrespectively, a keyboard for controlling said pipes to produce music andarranged so that each of the keys of said keyboard controls a pipe ofthe primary organ, and a pipe in each of the secondary organs to producea composite tone comprising a fundamental and a plurality ofharmonics, aplurality of shutters for eifectively controlling the intensity of soundemitted from the first named organ chamber, a swell motor for controllinsaid. shutters, a plurality of shutters r each of said secondary organchambers for effectively controlling the intensity of sound emitted fromthe respective secondary or an, a swell shutter motor for controlling te shutters of each' secondary organ chamber respectively, means forselectively controlling the secondary organ chamber shutter motors, andmeans for controlling the swell motor of said first named organ chamber.

8. A wind musical instrument comprising an organ chamber, a primary or11 within said organ chamber, a plurality o secondary organ chamberswithin said organ chamber, a secondary or 11 within each of saidsecondary organ 0 ambers, the pipes of each of said secondary organsbeing tuned to the harmonics of the plpes of the primary organrespectively, means for controllin pipes selectively to produce muslcarrange to actuate simultaneously a pipe of the pnmary organ and a pipein each of the secondary organs to produce a com osite said tonecomprising a fundamental and a p uraland for efiectively controlling theintensity I of sound emitted from the first named named organ chamber.

organ chamber, a swell motor for controlling said shutters, a pluralityof shutters for each of said secondary organ chambers for effectivelycontrolling the intensity of sound emitted from the respective secondaryorgan, a swell shutter motor for controlling the shutters of eachsecondary organchamber respectively, means for selectively controllingthe secondary organ chamber shutter motors independently of said pipecontrolling means, and means for controlling the swell motor of saidfirst 9. A wind musical instrument comprising an operating mechanism,organ pipes controlled thereby for producing a plurality of compositetones each comprising a. fundamental and a plurality of harmonics, meansforvarying the intensity of any one of the partials of said compositetones relative to the other partials, and means for varying theintensity of the entire composite tones.

10. A wind musical instrument comprising a key, a plurality of organpipes controlled by said key for producing a composite tone including afundamental and a plurality of harmonics, means for varyingindependentlyof said key the intensity of any of the partials of saidcomposite note, relative the intensity of said composite note as awhole.

11. A wind musical instrument comprising a control device, a pluralityof organ pipes controlled by said device for producing a composite toneincluding. a fundamental and a plurality of harmonics, means for varyingindependently of said device the intensity of' any of the partials ofsaid composite note, relative to the other partials, and means forvarying the intensity of said composite note as a whole.

12. A wind musical instrument comprising a key, an organ pipe controlledby said key for producing a fundamental note, a plurality of organ pipescontrolled by said key for producing harmonic notes of the fundamental,means for varying independent of said key the intensity of soundproduced by any of said pipes relative to the sounds produced by theother pipes, and means for varying'the intensity of the composite noteproduced byall of said pipes.

13. A wind musical instrument comprising a control device, an organ pipecontrolled by said device for producing a fundamental note, a pluralityof organ pipes controlled by said 'device for producing harmonic notesof the fundamental, means for varying independent of saiddevice theintensity of sound produced by any of said pipes relative to the soundsproduced by the other pipes, and means for varying the intensity of thecomposite note produced by all of said pipes. r to the other partials,and means for varying In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix mysignature.

JO YS 0ND, JR.

